* If you find any unsuitable English, please correct it in Lang-8.
http://lang-8.com/ratna_japan/journals/349548/20-Words-and-Expressions-%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E3%81%8A%E6%AD%A3%E6%9C%88-%28Part-3%29

2010年1月25日 (月)


こんにちは。

How are you?

Now, we are going to start studying the continuation of the story "New Year in Japan".

The third part for this week is as follows.


< 日本(にほん)のお正月(しょうがつ) (その3) >
< TNew Year in Japan (Part 3) >


お正月(しょうがつ)には特別(とくべつ)な料理(りょうり)があります。
We have food specially prepared for the New Year.

おせち料理(りょうり)、おとそ、お雑煮(ぞうに)、お餅(もち)などです。
They are "osechi-ryoori", "otoso", "o-zooni", "o-mochi" and so on.

おせち料理(りょうり)は、年末(ねんまつ)の間(あいだ)に作(つく)っておいて、お正月(しょうがつ)に食(た)べます。
We make the "osechi-ryoori" during the end of year, and eat it during the new years.

おとそは、お正月(しょうがつ)に長寿(ちょうじゅ)を願(ねが)って呑(の)まれるお酒(さけ)で、日本酒(にほんしゅ)に薬草(やくそう)などを浸(ひた)して作(つく)ります。
"Otoso" is one of sake which is drunk during the New Year wishing for a long life, and we make it by soaking some medicinal hearbs into "nihon-shu" (sake).


< Words and Expressions / 単語(たんご)と表現(ひょうげん) >

* Sentences are fragmented to show their structure.
* The word order in English is following the word order in Japanese.
* Explanations on the grammar and vocabulary are written below the fragmented sentence.
* Basic form (dictionary form) for verbs are written in [ ] after the word in the original form from the sentence.


お正月には / 特別な / 料理が / あります。

For the New Year / special / food / there is (are).

(Period) には / (Modifier for Subject) な / (Subject) が / (Verb) 。

* Period/time is told first before explaining something that is done during the time.
* A modifier (特別な) is placed before the word to be explained (料理).

～には : during ..., for ... (a particle to show a period/time)
特別(とくべつ)な : special
料理(りょうり) : food


おせち料理、/ おとそ、/ お雑煮、/ お餅などです。

"Osechi-ryoori", / "otoso", / "o-zooni", / "o-mochi" and so on.

(Object 1)、/ (Object 2)、/ (Object 3)、/ (Object 4) などです。

* The subject ("特別な料理" which is told before this sentence) is not told because it is clear.
* "～など" is used to enumerate nouns as "... and so on".

おせち料理(りょうり) : "osechi-ryoori" (special food for New Year)
おとそ : "otoso" (a kind of alcohol drink (sake) to celebrate New Year, "お" is added to make the word soft)
お雑煮(ぞうに) : "o-zooni" (a kind of soup with "mochi" in it, "お" is added to make the word soft)
お餅(もち) : "o-mochi" (rice cake, "お" is added to make the word soft)
～など : ... and so on


おせち料理は、/ 年末の / 間に / 作っておいて、// お正月に / 食べます。

"Osechi-ryoori" / the end of year / during / we make, and // during the new years / eat.

(Object) は、/ (Modifier for Time 1) の / (Time 1) に / ((Verb 1-1) + (Verb 1-2))、// (Time 2) に / (Verb 2)。

* 2 sentences are connected using a verb form "-て" (作っておいて).
* A verb "作っておく" is composed of 2 verbs "a verb (作る) + a verb (おく)".
* The verb form "-て" (作って/おいて) is used to add another verb (おく/食べる) after it.
* The subjects for both of the two sentences (Japanese People) is not told because it is clear.

年末(ねんまつ) : end of year
間(あいだ) : during
作(つく)っておいて [作(つく)る + おく] : have cooked beforehand [作(つく)る (cook, make) + おく (complete doing something beforehand)]


おとそは、/ お正月に / 長寿を / 願って / 呑まれる / お酒で、// 日本酒に / 薬草などを / 浸して / 作ります。

"Otoso" is / during the New Year / for a long life / wishing / which is drunk / one of sake, and // into "nihon-shu" (sake) / some medicinal hearbs / by soaking / (we) make it.

(Subject 1 = Object 2-2) は、/ (Time) に / (Object 1) を / (Verb 1-1) / (Verb 1-2 = Modifier for Noun) / (Noun) で、// (Place) に / (Object 2-1) を / (Verb 2-1) / (Verb 2-2)。

* 2 sentences are made into 1 sentence using "で".
* The subject for the first sentence (おとそ) is used as an object for the second sentence.
* The subject for the second sentence (Japanese people) is not tole because it is clear.
* If this sentence is separated into 2 sentences, they become as follows...
おとそは、お正月に長寿を願って呑まれるお酒です。
(日本人は)日本酒に薬草などを浸して(おとそを)作ります。
* A verb form "-て" (願って/浸して) is used to add another verb (呑まれる/作ります) after it.

長寿(ちょうじゅ) : long life
願(ねが)って [願(ねが)う] : wish ("-て" form to add another verb after it)
呑(の)まれる [呑(の)む] : drink (passive form) (Usually, Kanji "飲む" is more common rather than "呑む".)
お酒(さけ) : sake (a Japanese alcohol, "お" is added to make the word soft)
～で : ... and (a conjunction added after a noun to continue the sentence)
薬草(やくそう) : medicinal hearbs
浸(ひた)して [浸(ひた)す] : soak ("-て" form to add another verb after it)
作(つく)ります [作(つく)る] : make (polite form)


How was the lesson this time?
Hope you have come to figure out the structures of Japanese sentences.

We will continue it next week.

Okay, see you!

また来週!!

http://ratnajapan777.blog128.fc2.com/blog-entry-21.html