19. Words and Expressions - 日本のお正月 (Part 2)

* If you find any unsuitable English, please correct it in Lang-8.
http://lang-8.com/ratna_japan/journals/342605/19-Words-and-Expressions-%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E3%81%8A%E6%AD%A3%E6%9C%88-%28Part-2%29

2010年1月18日 (月)


こんにちは。

How are you doing?

We will continue studying the sentences from the story "New Year in
Japan".

From this time, we will write explanations about the grammar and vocabulary together with the fragmented sentence for you to be able to reference more easily.

The second part for this week is as follows.


< 日本(にほん)のお正月(しょうがつ) (その2) >
< New Year in Japan (Part 2) >


お正月(しょうがつ)には、お店(みせ)や会社(かいしゃ)はほとんどが休(やす)みになり、人々(ひとびと)は家(いえ)で家族(かぞく)とゆっくり過(す)ごしたり、実家(じっか)に帰(かえ)って両親(りょうしん)に新年(しんねん)の挨拶(あいさつ)をしたりします。
During the new year period, most shops and companies are closed, and people spend their time in their homes with their families, or visit their parents to give new year's greetings.

お正月(しょうがつ)になると、友(とも)だちや知(し)り合(あ)いから年賀状(ねんがじょう)が届(とど)きます。
During New Years, we get New Year's cards from our friends and acquaintances.

12月(じゅうにがつ)のうちに年賀状(ねんがじょう)を書(か)いて出(だ)しておくと、郵便局(ゆうびんきょく)はそれをお正月(しょうがつ)に届(とど)けてくれます。
If we have written and posted New Year's cards during December, the post office will deliver them during the New Year period.

新年(しんねん)の挨拶(あいさつ)は「あけまして、おめでとうございます」と言(い)います。
For the new year's greeting, we say "Akemashite, omedetoo-gozaimasu".


< Words and Expressions / 単語(たんご)と表現(ひょうげん) >

* Sentences are fragmented to show their structure.
* The word order in English is following to the word order in Japanese.
* Explanations on the grammar and vocabulary are written below the fragmented sentence.
* Basic form (dictionary form) for verbs are written in [ ] after the word in the original form from the sentence.


お正月には、// お店や / 会社は / ほとんどが / 休みになり、// 人々は / 家で / 家族と / ゆっくり / 過ごしたり、/ 実家に / 帰って / 両親に / 新年の / 挨拶を / したり / します。

During the new year period, // shops and / companies / most / are closed, // and people / in their homes / with their families / (relaxing) / spend their time, / their parents' home / (or) go back to / to their parents / new year's / greetings / to give / (do).

(Period) には、// (Subject 1-1) や / (Subject 1-2) は / (Modifier for Verb 1) が / ((Noun) + に (Verb 1))、// (Subject 2) は / (Place 2-1) で / (Person 2-1) と / (Modifier for Verb 2-1) / (Verb 2-1) たり、/ (Place 2-2) に / (Verb 2-2) て / (Person 2-2) に / (Modifier for Object 2) の / (Object 2) を / (Verb 2-3) たり / します。

* Periode/time is told first before explaining something that is done during the time.
* 2 sentences are connected with a verb form "休みになり" (from "休みになる"), whose suffix is changed to become a verb ending with the vowel "い" (い段), and add a Japanese comma (、).
* The verb "休みになる" is composed of "a noun (休み) + に + a verb (なる)".
* "や" is used to enumerate some nouns ("Subject 1-1" (お店) and "Subject 1-2" (会社)).
* Modifier is put before the word to be explained.
* "～たり、～たり(する)" is used to enumerate some verbs ("Verb 2-1" (過ごす) and "Verb 2-3" (挨拶をする)) with their suffixes changed.
* The verb form "-て" (帰って) is used to add another verb (挨拶をする) after it.

～には : at/during ... (a particle to show a periode/time)
お店(みせ) : a shop ("o" is added to make the word soft)
～や : ... and/or (a particle to enumerate some nouns)
会社(かいしゃ) : company
ほとんど : most of, almost all
～が : (a particle to be added to a subject)
休(やす)み : a day off, a holiday
～になり [～になる] : become ... (a form to add another sentence)
家(いえ) : house, home
～で : at/in ... (a particle to show a place)
家族(かぞく) : family
～と : with ... (a particle to be added to a noun)
ゆっくり : in a relaxing situation, sitting back
過(す)ごし
[過(す)ごす] : spend time (a form to add "～たり")
～たり、～たり : do ..., and/or do ... (an idiom to enumerate some verbs with their suffixes changed)
実家(じっか) : parents' home
帰(かえ)って
[帰(かえ)る] : go back (a form to add another verb)
両親(りょうしん) : parents (father and mother)
～の : (a particle to be added to a noun to explain the next noun)
挨拶(あいさつ) : greeting


お正月に / なると、// 友だちや / 知り合いから / 年賀状が / 届きます。

New Years / after becoming, // our friends and / from acquaintances / New Year's cards / come.

(Noun) に / (Verb 1) と、// (Person 1) や / (Person 2) から / (Subject) が / (Verb 2)。

* The verb "お正月になる" is composed of "a noun (お正月) + に + a verb (なる)".
* "～(になる)と" is used to show "after (becomeing) ...".
* "や" is used to enumerate some nouns ("Person 1" (友だち) and "Person 2" (知り合い)).

～になると : after becoming ..., when ... comes
友(とも)だち : friend
知(し)り合(あ)い : aquaintance
～から : from ... (a particle)
年賀状(ねんがじょう) : New Year's card
届(とど)きます [届(とど)く] : (something) comes, receive (something)


12月のうちに / 年賀状を / 書いて / 出しておくと、// 郵便局は / それを / お正月に / 届けてくれます。

During December / New Year's cards / if we have written / and posted, // the post office / them / during the New Year period / will deliver.

(Periode) のうちに / (Object 1) を / (Verb 1) / (Verb 2) と、// (Subject) は / (Object 2) を / (Time) に / (Verb 3)。

* "～のうちに" is used to show a periode when something is done.
* "(Verb)と" is used to connect 2 sentences with the meaning of "if/when we do something".
* The subject for the first sentence (we) is not told because it is clear.
* The verb form "-て" (書いて/出して/届けて) is used to add another verb (出しておく/おく/くれる) after it.
* The verb "出しておく" is composed of 2 verbs ("出す" + "おく").
* The verb "届けてくれる" is composed of 2 verbs ("届ける" + "くれる").

～のうちに : during ...
書(か)いて [書(か)く] : write (a form to add another verb)
出(だ)しておく [出(だ)す + おく] : complete posting beforehand [出(だ)す (post, send) + おく (coplete doing something beforehand)]
～と : if/when something is done ... (a conjunction to add another sentence)
郵便局(ゆうびんきょく) : post office
それ : that one
届(とど)けてくれます [届(とど)ける + くれる] : deliver [届(とど)ける (deliver) + くれる (someone do it for us)]


新年の / 挨拶は / 「あけまして、おめでとうございます」と / 言います。

The new year's / for greeting, / "Akemashite, omedetoo-gozaimasu" / we say.

(Modifier for Object 1) の / (Object 1) は / (Object 2) と / (Verb)。

* The subject of the sentence (we) is not told because it is clear.
* A particle "は" is used to show the "Object 1" (挨拶).

～と : (a particle to be added to an object)
言(い)います [言(い)う] : say


How was the lesson today?
Was it a little difficult?

A long sentence like the first one maybe looks complicated, but we can get its structure if we fragment it.

We will continue it next week.

Bye-bye!

さようなら。

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